This contrasts with the proportion of pupils in the overall population where 14% are eligible for FSM. , Offences recorded as homicide as at 15 December 2020; figures are subject to revision as cases are dealt with by the police and by the courts, or as further information becomes available. Email: CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk, Alternative formats are available on request from ESD@justice.gov.uk, Population estimates for 2016 as provided in data accompanying the Research report on population estimates by ethnic group and religion. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. , Excludes declarations of prefer not to say. In contrast, fewer Black (15%), Mixed (18%) and Asian (20%) prisoners reported bullying/victimisation from other prisoners, compared to prisoners from White (23%) and Other ethnic groups (24%). In accordance with Principle 2 of the Code of Practice for Official Statistics, the Ministry of Justice is required to publish transparent guidance on its policy for revisions. The ACSL has been consistently lower for White male offenders than all ethnic minority groups, a disparity that has increased over the last 5 years for male offenders. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. The latest trends are mostly reflective of the impact of the pandemic on court processes and prioritisation rather than a continuation of the longer-term series. The reoffending rate of adults was highest for those aged 18-20 for ethnic minority groups. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. Search. There were 292 (15%) victims in the Black, 147 (8%) in the Asian and 107 (5%) in the Other ethnic groups[footnote 17]. Published by D. Clark , Feb 10, 2022. 11/1/2011 10/1/2011 11/1/2010. The most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). , Court Orders can contain more than one requirement. This trend is similar across all disposal types. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. The total number of arrests have gone down over the last five years, in line with the declining crime rates. Periodically, political and media discourse focuses on the myth of 'Black on Black crime', or the supposed threat of young Black men to safety of the presumed law-abiding majority. , Caution must be taken with interpreting data from the Chinese or Other group as the population size is very small. The proportion of White victims decreased by 7 percentage points (pp) since the previous three-year period (2014/15 to 2016/17), with corresponding increases in the proportions of victims from Black (up 3pp), Asian (up 2pp), and Other (up 2pp) ethnic groups. However, the proportion of prosecutions for these offences varies by ethnicity, as illustrated in the figure below. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. For example, in 2020, Black defendants were 16% less likely to enter a guilty plea than White defendants in Crown Court [footnote 48]. For the majority of the report, no controls have been applied for other characteristics of ethnic groups (such as average income, geography, offence mix or offender history), so it is not possible to determine what proportion of differences identified in this report are directly attributable to ethnicity. Police Activity. However, for White suspects, the proportion of arrests for drug offences (10%), was exceeded by the proportion of arrests for theft offences (14%). Similarly, just over half (53%) of adults arrested in London were from minority ethnic groups, compared to 15% of adults arrested in the rest of England and Wales. Concordance rates for all PSR figures can be found in the defendants tables (5.14b)[footnote 41]. The Asian ethnic group (2%) were significantly less likely than the White ethnic group (4%) to be victims of a personal crime, whilst the Mixed ethnic group (7%) were significantly more likely. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. Of children, 4 to 6% were reported as being victims in Black, Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. In 2020/21, 43% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) were conducted in London, involving a higher proportion of persons from minority ethnic groups when compared to the rest of England and Wales. , See technical guide for information relating to parole board. In some cases, in contrast to fears of "racist" connotations of identifying individuals by their cultural background, the language of labels and shorthand descriptors was used as a lingua franca for playful . The proportion of young offenders persistently absent was higher for White, Black and Asian ethnic groups receiving a custodial sentence compared to the total sentenced/ convicted. Educational attainment of all young offenders was lowest for the White ethnic group and highest for the Other ethnic group. Violent Crimes / 100k People. The most common sentencing outcome across all ethnic groups for sexual offences was immediate custody. Ministry of Justice, 3rd Floor, 10 South Colonnade, London, E14 4PU, General enquiries about the statistical work of the Ministry of Justice can be e-mailed to: ESD@justice.gov.uk, The structure and content of this report is continually being reviewed to reflect user requirements. Billy Gazard, a crime statistician for the ONS, said: "We have outlined our plans for improving crime statistics for England and Wales in our July 2020 progress update. In 2020, 1% of children had long criminal histories, this was similar across all ethnic groups. Similarly, a higher proportion of Black young offenders (83%) had been recorded as being suspended, compared to White (79%), Asian (74%) and Other (74%) offenders[footnote 80]. Those where ethnicity is not known are not included in this commentary. Of offenders receiving either type of order, 84% were White, 6% Black, 5% Asian, 3% Mixed ethnic groups and 1% Chinese or Other ethnic groups. This was largely consistent across all disposal types and all three measures of attainment; however, caution should be taken when breaking down proportion achieving 5 or more GCSEs A*-C by disposal type due to the small population[footnote 72]. , Includes City of London and Metropolitan Police forces. Reasons for searches that resulted in arrest[footnote 28]. This analysis compares the police identified ethnicity in the matched young offender cohort by total sentence/cautioned and those sentenced to custody (12 months or less and more than 12 months). The location in which a homicide was committed showed marked differences between ethnic groups. The largest proportion of crime higher workload is for offences which can be tried either before the magistrates court or the Crown Court, at 50% overall where ethnicity is known in 2020 and ranged between 46% and 52% when broken down by ethnic group. When ethnicity is officer identified[footnote 3], it has four broad ethnicity categories: White, Black, Asian and Other[footnote 4]. Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons for England & Wales (HMI Prisons) aims to ensure independent inspection of places of detention, report on conditions and treatment, and promote positive outcomes for those detained and the public. Wed like to set additional cookies to understand how you use GOV.UK, remember your settings and improve government services. This varied by ethnic group; in 2020, 81% of White offenders who were remanded in custody went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence, compared to 79% of Asian offenders and 70% of Black offenders . The overall custody rate has remained relatively stable between 2016 and 2019, ranging from 57% to 61%. Over the past 5 years, the most common sentence given for indictable offences across all ethnic groups was immediate custody, accounting for 35% of all offenders sentenced in 2020 (where ethnicity is known). A higher proportion of prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported experiencing a type of bullying/victimisation from staff in the prisons, at 46% for Black and Mixed prisoners, 44% for Asian, and 43% for prisoners of Other ethnic groups, compared to 30% of White prisoners. Figure 7.07: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for children, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. Where there are multiple suspects if any conviction information is available the suspect with the longest sentence or most severe conviction is determined to be the principal suspect. Despite this, only 49% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups felt that they had been kept safe from the virus, in comparison to 65% of White prisoners. The ACSL was longest for Chinese or Other offenders at 14.7 months, followed by Black at 13.7 months, Mixed 13.2 months, Asian 12.1 months and White 10.6 months. , Data from 2019/20 for the Asian (or Asian British) ethnic group includes people who identify as Chinese. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. Drug offences vary both in nature and severity. In 2020, the custody rate for possession of weapons offences was highest for Black and Mixed offenders at 38%, the custody rate for White offenders was 36%, and 29% for both Asian and Chinese or Other offenders. In response to COVID-19 lockdown restrictions, interviews were suspended two weeks early in March 2020. In previous years homicide data has been presented in relation to population data, by giving the number of deaths per million of the population of each ethnic group. The largest proportionate change was seen in prosecutions of White defendants, decreasing from 79% of all prosecutions to 76% (resulting in a 1% proportionate increase across all ethnic minority groups). The largest change in the proportion of staff was a 1.2 pp increase in the Asian ethnic group[footnote 93]. Figure 8.03: Sentencing outcomes for possession of weapons offences, by ethnicity, 2020. High levels of missing ethnicity data would be of concern, both in terms of sample sizes and the risk of systematic bias. (These statistics are from the Ministry of Justice, 2013). Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. Outcomes for minority ethnic children are often more pronounced than White children at various points of the CJS. This chapter looks at particular indictable offences to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and court outcomes. In 2020, White defendants spent the lowest mean number of days (156) at court, while defendants from Chinese or Other ethnic groups had the highest (199). , Ethnicity was known for 99.29% of prisoners in England and Wales on 30th June 2020. , The Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) publication utilises 2016 population estimates to derive homicide rates relative to the population. A fine was the most common outcome for all ethnic groups, except for the Chinese or Other group, where immediate custody was higher. In 2020, 45% of all defendants prosecuted for drug offences at Crown Court were remanded in custody . The ACSL for possession of weapons offences fell by 41%, between 2016 and 2020, for Asian offenders and 23% Black offenders. The ethnic profile of practitioners in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has become slightly more diverse over the last 5 years. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of arrests in London and across England and Wales have remained relatively stable by ethnic group. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. Where differences are not referred to as being statistically significant these are either not statistically significantly different, or differences have not been tested. Time spent at court increased in 2020 from previous years for all ethnic groups and offences, due to restrictions in response to COVID-19[footnote 47]. Data Access and Compliance Unit. This chapter explores outcomes for defendants[footnote 38] in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) predominantly drawing on indictable offence data from the Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2020 publication. Across the past 5 years, White defendants consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, followed by defendants of the Mixed ethnic group at 73%, Chinese or Other ethnic groups at 72%, Asian at 68% and Black defendants at 66%. It examines offenders' characteristics as reported by . Location: England and Wales. Detail how users will be informed of the need for revisions. As shown in figure 5.03, the Chinese or Other and Black ethnic groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in 2020, at 51% and 49% respectively. , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). It is the first time the national statistics agency has broken down homicide rates by ethnicity. Almost three quarters (1,405 or 72%) of all homicide victims (where ethnicity was known) over the three-year period were from the White ethnic group. Graham and Bowling (1995) Found that blacks (43%) and whites (44%) had similar and almost identical rates of crime, but Asians actually had lower rates (Indians- 30%, Pakistanis-28% and Bangladeshi-13%). Therefore, users should be careful when comparing cohort 2015/16 and earlier to subsequent annual figures. 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