[34]Violante Beatrice of Bavaria, to whom Gian Gastone had become quite attached, disliked the Electress and therefore left the grand ducal court for the position of governor of the town of Siena. Detail. You can learn more about him here. [16] The lack of intellectual society there and his wife's hostility towards him drove Gian Gastone into the arms of alcohol. He loved botany, conducted his own science experiments, and spoke more than six . She realized that with no one to carry on their bloodline, the authority of Tuscany would fall to Francis of Lorraine. DailyArt Magazine needs your support. Lucrezia de' Medici (14 February 1545 - 21 April 1561) was a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1558-1561.. Married to the intended husband of her elder sister Maria, who died young, her marriage was short and unhappy. 221: over the . Medici: Created by Nicholas Meyer, Frank Spotnitz. Unlike his father before him, but thanks to the education his wealth provided, Lorenzo was a great diplomat and became known as Lorenzo Il Magnifico (the Magnificent). He requisitioned the help of Pope Clement XI, who sent the Archbishop of Prague to tell her she must go to Florence with Gian Gastone. For most, these three words conjure up images of Cosimo de Medici, Lorenzo de Medici, or the many artists and artworks patronized by the wealthy Renaissance family. Citation Type. [27] Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Tuscany's nominal feudal over-lord, subscribed, but only if he should succeed her. 95242 Homes for Sale $568,587. Gian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 24 May 1671 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany. Their power was at its height in the 1400s and 1500s, when they ruled the city of Florence, Italy . The Viceroy, the Prince de Craon, whom the Electress disliked for his "vulgar" court, allowed the Electress to live undisturbed in her own wing of the Pitti, living in virtual seclusion, only on occasion receiving a select-number of guests under a black dais in her silver-clad audience room. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 17:10. [32] To complicate things further, Elisabeth Farnese, heiress of the Duchy of Parma, the second wife of Philip V of Spain, as a great-granddaughter of Margherita de' Medici, exercised a claim to Tuscany. [1] His sister, Electress Palatine Anna Maria Luisa, arranged his marriage to the wealthy and widowed Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg in 1697. [49] To dispel the said rumours, the Electress compelled him to make an appearancehis last onein 1729, on the feast day of the patron saint of Florence, John the Baptist. On September 26, 1971, filmmaker Philo Bregstein had the rare opportunity to capture the great Otto Klemperer on film. NEW CONSTRUCTION. [32][33][34] In May 1716, Charles VI, who constantly changed his stance on the issue, told Florence that the Electress's succession was unquestioned, but added that Austria and Tuscany must soon reach an agreement regarding which royal house was to follow the Medici. Ferdinand Richter, Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy. One of the most notable of them is Prince Ottaviano de Medici. [10], Out of sympathy, Gian Gastone befriended his unhappy sister-in-law, Duchess Violante Beatrice of Bavaria. "Photographie: Christian Dior by Brigitte Niedermair" featured . To discredit these, the Dowager Electress induced Gian Gastone to make a public appearancehis final oneon Saint John the Baptist's day of 1729. Starring: Richard Madden, Dustin Hoffman, Daniel Sharman. But the crown and sceptre were corroded by the acids which had been used in embalming the body. After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. Historical documents suggest that Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici suffered from . Religion. : A fmaous and extremely well-written study. By doing so, he ended the authoritarian stronghold his father held over the nation and created a Florence that was more inclusive and more in line with the Renaissance ideals of intellectual curiosity and scholarship. He is currently applying to medical school to become a physician investigator. The Medici family believed that paying for art, then giving it away to the church and city was their "Stairway to Heaven.". Despite these hindrances, Gian Gastone, aged 52, commenced his reign with a burst of ebullience, releasing prisoners, abolishing exorbitant taxes, "Pensions on the Creed" (monies paid to converts to Christianity) and public executions. Ferdinand Richter, Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy. Giovanni Gaetano Gabbiani, Official portrait of Anna Maria Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg as Grand Duchess of Tuscany, 1726, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy. [23], Anna Maria Luisa arranged a marriage for her younger brother at the instigation of their father: On 2 July 1697 Gian Gastone de' Medici married Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, heiress of the eponymous duchy, in Dsseldorf. 95206 Homes for Sale $431,976. 7. [7] Although Cosimo doted on his daughter, she was raised by her paternal grandmother, Vittoria della Rovere. Giorgio Vasari, Apotheosis of Cosimo I, 1563-1565, Palazzo Vecchio Museum, Florence, Italy. Medici: The Magnificent spoilers follow. The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. [52] In January 1737, the Spanish troops, who had occupied Tuscany since 1731, withdrew; 6,000 Austrian soldiers took their place. When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of nominal regent of Tuscany, but she declined. [3] Charles later transferred his claim to Francis Stephen of Lorraine pursuant to a preliminary peace that was finalized in 1738. "[29] However, two years later, he died without issue, taking with him any hope of an heir. The . During the Renaissance, many different substances were used . In her will, Anna Maria bequeathed all of the Medici treasures the family's entire artistic patrimony to the people Florence. Gian Gastone de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici, Electress Palatine of the Rhine, Anna Maria Luisa, the Dowager Electress Palatine, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Federico Ubaldo della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, "Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici - Biografia", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gian_Gastone_de%27_Medici,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany&oldid=1131315901. This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. with the horses]" and would rather have remained a widow than have been married again. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness. Without a concord in sight, the "Tuscan question" became dormant. [2] In regards to this, her most notable act was the Patto di Famiglia ("Family Pact"), signed on 31 October 1737. The Last Medici centres mainly round the fantastic figures of Princess Marguerite-Louise d'Orleans and her husband Cosimo III, most fatal of all the Medicean sovereigns. Rich Sinners or Saintly Rulers? [42] In the midst of this, Marguerite Louise, Anna Maria Luisa's mother, died. Instead of willing her valuables to her children, as prescribed by the 1674 agreement, they went to the Princess of Epinoy, a distant relative. Anna Maria Luisa de Medici, the last of the Medici family, was born in 1667 from Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise d'Orleans.She was an educated woman, a lover of music, theatre and art. Has PDF. [53] He even went so far as to have the Duke created Grand Prince of Tuscany, the title borne by the Tuscan heir-apparent, against the wishes of the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI; however, the latter soon had the grant revoked. Speaking of art, Michelangelo was linked directly to the Medici Family. Gian Gastone de' Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de' Medici and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. Agostino Steffani, a polymath, was sponsored by the Electress from his arrival in Dsseldorf, in 1703, until her return to Tuscany; the Conservatorio Luigi Cherubini library in Florence houses two editions of his chamber duets. [12] At the same time, Gian Gastone sank into a state of melancholy. [5] The enmity between them continued until 26 December 1674; after all attempts at conciliation failed, a stressed Cosimo consented to his wife's departure for the Convent of Montmartre, France. [39] To keep the two ladies from quarrelling over precedence, Cosimo III defined Violante Beatrice's status just before the Electress's arrival by appointing her Governess of Siena. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. [6] Cosimo and Marguerite Louise frequently quarreled. OPEN SUN, 11AM TO 2PM. [9] Cosimo III did not like the idea of a French marriage, and never devoted himself fully to the cause (she was later rejected). The Last Medici, at first blush, doesn't seem promising: once proud family brought low by a surfeit of heterosexual and homosexual acts (i.e., syphillis and sodomy). He has a certain fondness for his lovable rogues and poltroons masquerading as faded Italian . This is a renowned study of the last members of the Medici family. [4] It is thought incorrectly by some historians that soon after arrival she contracted syphilis from the Elector, which they think explains why Anna Maria Luisa and Johann Wilhelm failed to produce any children. Upon accomplishing his goals, the Grand Duke transferred his duties to Governor Violante Beatrice and decided to live the rest of his life separate from public life in 1729, choosing to live in his bedroom until death. [10], Following refusals from Portugal, France, Spain and Savoy, James II of England put forward his brother-in-law, Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena, but the Princess deemed a duke too lowly in terms of protocol for the daughter of a grand duke. Ft. 2910 Meleto Blvd, NEW SMYRNA BEACH, FL 32168. [65], Anna Maria Luisa's single most enduring act was the Family Pact. During this time, he frequently hosted men, was often ill, and struggled with alcoholism. [30], Following the death of his heir apparent, Ferdinando, in 1713, Cosimo deposited a bill in the Senate, Tuscany's titular legislature, promulgating that if Cosimo and his new heir apparent, Gian Gastone, were to predecease the Electress, she would ascend the throne. [55] At Gian Gastone's demise, all the House of Medici's allodial possessions, including 2,000,000[note 1] liquid cash, a vast art collection, robes of state and lands in the former Duchy of Urbino, were conferred on Anna Maria Luisa. Niedermair's decade-long relationship with Dior was the subject of a coffee-table book published by Rizzoli New York last year. Uncommonly good collectible and rare books from uncommonly good booksellers 4. the philosophy of Galileo et al., in the University of Pisa and abolishing the burdensome income taxes. 3 Beds. [37] All his ambitions in regards to the succession being thwarted, Cosimo III distributed one final proclamation shortly before his death, on 31 October 1723, decreeing that the Electress shall succeed Gian Gastone. He was the second son of Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. Thats compared to the 41% of American men. For almost 100 years, the studios decided which actors would be lucky or talented enough to become stars. Full of brilliant colour, rich comedy and lurid tragedy, "The Last Medici" is at the same time a scientific contribution to the records of an extraordinary and unforgettable period. Charles VI had previously offered the Grand Duke territorial compensationin the form of the State of Presidiif he chose quickly, but reneged. [50] He was, however, appointed joint-guardian of the Infante with Dorothea Sophia of the Rhine, Dowager Duchess of Parma and the Electress Palatine's sister-in-law. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. Gian Gastone de Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise dOrlans. [43], On 25 October 1723, six days before his death, Cosimo III distributed a final proclamation commanding that Tuscany shall stay independent; Anna Maria Luisa shall succeed uninhibited after Gian Gastone; the Grand Duke reserves the right to choose his successor. [14] As she did not like cities or courts, Anna Maria Franziska demanded they establish themselves in her Bohemian residences, Ploskovice Castle and Reichstadt (Zkupy), post-haste.[15]. Author. 21: in early youthThe Florentine CourtCardinal Gian Carlo . Furthermore, he despised his familys penchant for ostentation and authoritarian desires, and so he likely chose to commission very few portraits of himself. Some of them still have their garments. This study, though, serves as a memorial to what once was fairly common--works written by the deeply learned man of letters in a witty and non-judgmental manner (don't think Strachey and his condescending and thinly researched, Eminent Victorians). Invasion of Napoleon. The Medici line was then extinct. Pursuant to preliminary peace terms negotiated in 1735 (but not finalized until after Gian Gastone's death with the 1738 Treaty of Vienna), Charles surrendered Parma and the claim to the Tuscan throne to Francis III of Lorraine in exchange for being crowned king of Naples and Sicily. [56] Gian Gastone was angry; he had become quite attached to the Infante-Duke, and didn't like the prospect of a foreigner ruling Tuscany. [27] The closed court that Gian Gastone did keep was dominated by his favourite, Dami. On her marriage to Elector Johann Wilhelm II, she became Electress of the Palatinate, and, by patronising musicians, she earned for the contemporary Palatine court the reputation of an important music centre. [48] Rumours abounded that the Grand Duke had died; it was a rarity for the public to see him. Medici on Netflix or Medici: Masters of Florence and Medici: The Magnificent Seasons 1 & 2 is an Italian-British series about the rise of the Medici clan in Renaissance Florence. They rose to the highest ranks of Florentine society. [46][47] In the period 17221725, the Electress embellished the villa further by commissioning twelve statues of various religious figures. Violante Beatrice organised banquets to remove him from the sway of the Ruspanti. 95210 Homes for Sale $402,060. 2016 | Maturity Rating: TV-MA | 3 Seasons | TV Dramas. [61][62] This is equivalent to 681,169 in present-day terms. Cozomo de' Medici . Following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, a document which had hitherto given rights to Calvinists, in 1685, 2,000 French Huguenots emigrated to the Electoral Palatinate. Wed love your help. [9] Instead, Cosimo offered her to his first choice, Peter II of Portugal. Cosimo I de' Medici, First Duke of Tuscany (1519-1574), originally formed the Uffizi to be an administrative building for his family. [50] These distractions ceased upon Violante Beatrice's death in 1731. It was their great wealth that propelled the development of humanist arts and science in Italy. Gian Gastone gave his all in reforming his realm, purging corrupt churchmen from government, reversing Cosimo III's ban of teaching "new ideas", i.e. Another example can be found in the coins that were minted during his fathers reign versus the coins during his reign. Left: Coin, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, UK; Right: Coin, 1726, British Museum, London, UK. Lorenzo de' Medici was the last great ruler of the Medici banking dynasty, and perhaps it's greatest patron. [51] Thirty thousand Spanish troops occupied the Grand Duchy of Tuscany on Charles's behalf in October 1731. [5] An alcoholic, Gian Gastone drank too much before the ceremony and vomited repeatedly throughout; he had to be carried unconscious back to the Palazzo Pitti, the royal palace, on a litter. [10] In fact, contemporaries thought her traits to be a combination of those of her father and paternal grandmother, Vittoria della Rovere. To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we dont use a simple average. Unfortunately for him, this was just the beginning of his struggles with mental health. The most significant of the Medici families currently are the Medici Tornaquinci and the Medici di Ottajano. Anna Maria Luisa was the only daughter of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans, a niece of Louis XIII of France. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, No Import Fees Deposit & $12.78 Shipping to Singapore. Upon hearing of Anna Maria Luisa's intention to return, Violante Beatrice prepared to depart for Munich, her brother's capital, but Gian Gastone wished her to stay, so she did. [5] On one documented occasion, she branded him "a poor groom" in the presence of the Papal nuncio. 358, [1] pages 23 cm. But think again, dear friends. [34], The Electress returned to Florence in October 1717, following the death of her husband the previous summer. But then in the 2000's, everything changed. [19] Thus, he went to Prague alone but for his suite and favourite attendant, Giuliano Dami. She was very religious and had great moral rigor. By the time of the Spanish withdrawal, the Grand Duke was dying from "an accumulation of diseases". In his remarkable account of the last Medici, famous aesthete and historian Harold Acton (1904-1994) takes up the causes which led to the disappearance of a house which has left indelible traces on the art, literature and commerce of the world; and his book was one of the first attempts to deal with this despotic dynasty in a . : [36], On 4 April 1718, England, France and the Dutch Republic (and later Austria) selected Charles of Spain, the elder child of Elisabeth Farnese (a great-granddaughter of Margherita de' Medici) and Philip V of Spain, as the Tuscan heir, the Electress's rights to the throne being completely disregarded in the process. It looks like you're offline. , ISBN-10 Share This Paper. [18] Anna Maria Franziska made an effort to welcome him back; however, her mood turned sour when Gian Gastone brought up the prospect of wintering in Prague. 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